diff --git a/arch/sparc/include/asm/adi_64.h b/arch/sparc/include/asm/adi_64.h
index 85f7a763af85f2f5a33e1645df8696ed162b01ab..4301c6fd87f7acb32215e3650e3edd5a54ad1024 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/include/asm/adi_64.h
+++ b/arch/sparc/include/asm/adi_64.h
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
/* adi_64.h: ADI related data structures
*
* Copyright (c) 2016 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
* Author: Khalid Aziz (khalid.aziz@oracle.com)
- *
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
*/
#ifndef __ASM_SPARC64_ADI_H
#define __ASM_SPARC64_ADI_H
diff --git a/arch/sparc/kernel/adi_64.c b/arch/sparc/kernel/adi_64.c
index d0a2ac975b42f650bdc96d1a9f5fb1328d57184a..ce332942de2da52658775cf535757bcc1cdebadd 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/kernel/adi_64.c
+++ b/arch/sparc/kernel/adi_64.c
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/* adi_64.c: support for ADI (Application Data Integrity) feature on
* sparc m7 and newer processors. This feature is also known as
* SSM (Silicon Secured Memory).
*
* Copyright (C) 2016 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
* Author: Khalid Aziz (khalid.aziz@oracle.com)
- *
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
*/
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
diff --git a/arch/sparc/kernel/sun4v_mcd.S b/arch/sparc/kernel/sun4v_mcd.S
index d6c69ebca1101719186b13fb56929185f62ecf21..a419b73184064ec94b0179a98b6a32083b3f2728 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/kernel/sun4v_mcd.S
+++ b/arch/sparc/kernel/sun4v_mcd.S
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
/* sun4v_mcd.S: Sun4v memory corruption detected precise exception handler
*
* Copyright (c) 2015 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
* Authors: Bob Picco <bob.picco@oracle.com>,
* Khalid Aziz <khalid.aziz@oracle.com>
- *
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
*/
.text
.align 32
diff --git a/drivers/acpi/ec_sys.c b/drivers/acpi/ec_sys.c
index 23faa66ea772723fe7e7058f43babeed8474de6e..fd39c14493ab870dd7d915dce32d70857302cc9c 100644
--- a/drivers/acpi/ec_sys.c
+++ b/drivers/acpi/ec_sys.c
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* ec_sys.c
*
* Copyright (C) 2010 SUSE Products GmbH/Novell
* Author:
* Thomas Renninger <trenn@suse.de>
- *
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
*/
#include <linux/kernel.h>
diff --git a/drivers/vhost/net.c b/drivers/vhost/net.c
index 2d9df786a9d31823e86e1e857c9f6670f61eca19..d57ebdd616d95e37b5509410fd9ff18b0d7ad7d2 100644
--- a/drivers/vhost/net.c
+++ b/drivers/vhost/net.c
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/* Copyright (C) 2009 Red Hat, Inc.
* Author: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
*
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
- *
* virtio-net server in host kernel.
*/
diff --git a/drivers/vhost/test.c b/drivers/vhost/test.c
index 40589850eb33c83c06d9211fa86aa95af655dd9e..9e90e969af5550254a8d2b68e58b1fc6c3033427 100644
--- a/drivers/vhost/test.c
+++ b/drivers/vhost/test.c
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/* Copyright (C) 2009 Red Hat, Inc.
* Author: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
*
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
- *
* test virtio server in host kernel.
*/
diff --git a/drivers/vhost/vhost.c b/drivers/vhost/vhost.c
index 3f3eac4bcc585b60d2d577a1fe90ffc304c4170b..e995c12d8e2428f52e3481419c06267387b7f395 100644
--- a/drivers/vhost/vhost.c
+++ b/drivers/vhost/vhost.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/* Copyright (C) 2009 Red Hat, Inc.
* Copyright (C) 2006 Rusty Russell IBM Corporation
*
@@ -6,8 +7,6 @@
* Inspiration, some code, and most witty comments come from
* Documentation/virtual/lguest/lguest.c, by Rusty Russell
*
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
- *
* Generic code for virtio server in host kernel.
*/
diff --git a/drivers/vhost/vsock.c b/drivers/vhost/vsock.c
index 814bed72d793654f7731c066feafa8559d96834e..6a50e1d0529ce639df11d98ae4dfc005180605ff 100644
--- a/drivers/vhost/vsock.c
+++ b/drivers/vhost/vsock.c
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* vhost transport for vsock
*
* Copyright (C) 2013-2015 Red Hat, Inc.
* Author: Asias He <asias@redhat.com>
* Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
- *
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
*/
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/atomic.h>
diff --git a/mm/cleancache.c b/mm/cleancache.c
index 2bf12da9baa0666e6c772ede6ff63f4900106fe4..2397f7c36cc723abacd3e6e1d28a54f0850c3d88 100644
--- a/mm/cleancache.c
+++ b/mm/cleancache.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* Cleancache frontend
*
@@ -7,8 +8,6 @@
*
* Copyright (C) 2009-2010 Oracle Corp. All rights reserved.
* Author: Dan Magenheimer
- *
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
*/
#include <linux/module.h>
diff --git a/mm/frontswap.c b/mm/frontswap.c
index 157e5bf63504258e3d1be341854627d47d4b96d0..60bb20e8a95107473eadf64584f7c00409dff65e 100644
--- a/mm/frontswap.c
+++ b/mm/frontswap.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* Frontswap frontend
*
@@ -7,8 +8,6 @@
*
* Copyright (C) 2009-2012 Oracle Corp. All rights reserved.
* Author: Dan Magenheimer
- *
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
*/
#include <linux/mman.h>
diff --git a/mm/ksm.c b/mm/ksm.c
index 81c20ed57bf68077041f195e2e2d8283ce8c1eb7..3dc4346411e4e36a0ced02c755e0506481bc5455 100644
--- a/mm/ksm.c
+++ b/mm/ksm.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* Memory merging support.
*
@@ -10,8 +11,6 @@
* Andrea Arcangeli
* Chris Wright
* Hugh Dickins
- *
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
*/
#include <linux/errno.h>
diff --git a/net/vmw_vsock/virtio_transport.c b/net/vmw_vsock/virtio_transport.c
index 96ab344f17bbc1bfd466dfdbf5845df4b6a49c8d..9c287e3e393c835a6694507b43f6915dd4a2e200 100644
--- a/net/vmw_vsock/virtio_transport.c
+++ b/net/vmw_vsock/virtio_transport.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* virtio transport for vsock
*
@@ -7,8 +8,6 @@
*
* Some of the code is take from Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>'s
* early virtio-vsock proof-of-concept bits.
- *
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
*/
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
diff --git a/net/vmw_vsock/virtio_transport_common.c b/net/vmw_vsock/virtio_transport_common.c
index f3f3d06cb6d8f69f9d4b082c07c7ddd488c30a1f..5be105e98ed5ba2f9d049c140f19bfda3d9cf469 100644
--- a/net/vmw_vsock/virtio_transport_common.c
+++ b/net/vmw_vsock/virtio_transport_common.c
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* common code for virtio vsock
*
* Copyright (C) 2013-2015 Red Hat, Inc.
* Author: Asias He <asias@redhat.com>
* Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
- *
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
*/
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
diff --git a/tools/power/acpi/tools/ec/ec_access.c b/tools/power/acpi/tools/ec/ec_access.c
index 5f50642386dbd29647fbe9b0de196a416cac294c..8bb271b210d8d0f43f657dfa750c9d2ac291be2f 100644
--- a/tools/power/acpi/tools/ec/ec_access.c
+++ b/tools/power/acpi/tools/ec/ec_access.c
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* ec_access.c
*
* Copyright (C) 2010 SUSE Linux Products GmbH
* Author:
* Thomas Renninger <trenn@suse.de>
- *
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
*/
#include <fcntl.h>
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/kvm_util.h b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/kvm_util.h
index a5a4b28f14d8e92b070e4bd5e5b53bbba4a2aa96..87db5a5e025f521c6329cd36c7dd06950d6a3ec0 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/kvm_util.h
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/kvm_util.h
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
/*
* tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/kvm_util.h
*
* Copyright (C) 2018, Google LLC.
- *
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
- *
*/
#ifndef SELFTEST_KVM_UTIL_H
#define SELFTEST_KVM_UTIL_H
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/sparsebit.h b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/sparsebit.h
index 31e030915c1f40d66fc4eb76dc8761240c14eed0..12a9a4b9ceadc20d6421b9eafce2dc02e1bb002a 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/sparsebit.h
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/sparsebit.h
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
/*
* tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/sparsebit.h
*
* Copyright (C) 2018, Google LLC.
*
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
- *
- *
* Header file that describes API to the sparsebit library.
* This library provides a memory efficient means of storing
* the settings of bits indexed via a uint64_t. Memory usage
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/test_util.h b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/test_util.h
index c7dafe8bd02c284abbb5f08cd032b1bff55549ad..a41db6fb7e24b6f258884856f1f2afd3b7842d9e 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/test_util.h
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/test_util.h
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
/*
* tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/test_util.h
*
* Copyright (C) 2018, Google LLC.
- *
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
- *
*/
#ifndef SELFTEST_KVM_TEST_UTIL_H
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/processor.h b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/processor.h
index 6063d5b2f3561c450778f86f3d1474390d79b5ec..c54156479b937f66bb6ae7e74fd72e7273508284 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/processor.h
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/processor.h
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
/*
* tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/processor.h
*
* Copyright (C) 2018, Google LLC.
- *
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
- *
*/
#ifndef SELFTEST_KVM_PROCESSOR_H
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/vmx.h b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/vmx.h
index c9bd935b939c69f3de7f8837aa1d25252a00d68b..69b17055f63da7c7f10569c9b03361253860c670 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/vmx.h
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/vmx.h
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
/*
* tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86_64/vmx.h
*
* Copyright (C) 2018, Google LLC.
- *
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
- *
*/
#ifndef SELFTEST_KVM_VMX_H
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/assert.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/assert.c
index 6398efe678853de3117526c2db5fea92df59bf5f..4911fc77d0f6a348d6f8c11139d0ed71aa5eddbe 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/assert.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/assert.c
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/assert.c
*
* Copyright (C) 2018, Google LLC.
- *
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
*/
#define _GNU_SOURCE /* for getline(3) and strchrnul(3)*/
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/elf.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/elf.c
index 5eb857584aa3b3dea4bac9cc83a34b55d5a9f0b8..bc75a91e00a649bb0ec9c5f48586af15a3c410cc 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/elf.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/elf.c
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/elf.c
*
* Copyright (C) 2018, Google LLC.
- *
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
*/
#include "test_util.h"
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/io.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/io.c
index cff869ffe6eefb513565af95d4b18d4f56e4dc5d..eaf351cc7e7f5e1ea56b4eba20b8f8e0c6c732df 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/io.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/io.c
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/io.c
*
* Copyright (C) 2018, Google LLC.
- *
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
*/
#include "test_util.h"
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/kvm_util.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/kvm_util.c
index 633b22df46a4673bd199998680ac3ed6aa024f00..a96476b8b8111ae34b8c6c09f6e10c32da79b2bd 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/kvm_util.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/kvm_util.c
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/kvm_util.c
*
* Copyright (C) 2018, Google LLC.
- *
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
*/
#include "test_util.h"
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/kvm_util_internal.h b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/kvm_util_internal.h
index 4595e42c6e296ef2ee9cf0b25b941b6b8d4a871e..265b7822f591613f4c9ffe218ee0b288b33dbb33 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/kvm_util_internal.h
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/kvm_util_internal.h
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
/*
* tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/kvm_util_internal.h
*
* Copyright (C) 2018, Google LLC.
- *
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
*/
#ifndef SELFTEST_KVM_UTIL_INTERNAL_H
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/sparsebit.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/sparsebit.c
index b132bc95d18339a62ac2572acf56e533d0a8a18f..031ba3c932ed1aacfe5c517354fcd8cd6f4ea9ad 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/sparsebit.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/sparsebit.c
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* Sparse bit array
*
* Copyright (C) 2018, Google LLC.
* Copyright (C) 2018, Red Hat, Inc. (code style cleanup and fuzzing driver)
*
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
- *
* This library provides functions to support a memory efficient bit array,
* with an index size of 2^64. A sparsebit array is allocated through
* the use sparsebit_alloc() and free'd via sparsebit_free(),
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86_64/processor.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86_64/processor.c
index 21f3040d90cb1f0fc3cdd4ea545d9355e29ba9eb..f45c0f5e6737d851010e5f7118042fdb7b4ad074 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86_64/processor.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86_64/processor.c
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86_64/processor.c
*
* Copyright (C) 2018, Google LLC.
- *
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
*/
#define _GNU_SOURCE /* for program_invocation_name */
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86_64/vmx.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86_64/vmx.c
index 771ba6bf751cb36c574af597db658f65d8b8d880..fe56d159d65fdce045716a9fc49a0a4b205aa07e 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86_64/vmx.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86_64/vmx.c
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86_64/vmx.c
*
* Copyright (C) 2018, Google LLC.
- *
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
*/
#define _GNU_SOURCE /* for program_invocation_name */
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/kvm_create_max_vcpus.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/kvm_create_max_vcpus.c
index 50e92996f91865e9c6e4cdb6f5a23143633d0cb4..6a3eec8da351cc9dfed7c4d8fbdb6ad620fbc16f 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/kvm_create_max_vcpus.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/kvm_create_max_vcpus.c
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* kvm_create_max_vcpus
*
* Copyright (C) 2019, Google LLC.
*
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
- *
* Test for KVM_CAP_MAX_VCPUS and KVM_CAP_MAX_VCPU_ID.
*/
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/set_sregs_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/set_sregs_test.c
index 35640e8e95bc6499417eadf4eb6af23adb318f2c..9f7656184f31edc23ae21ff72cfe6a36ffa8b617 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/set_sregs_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/set_sregs_test.c
@@ -1,16 +1,14 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* KVM_SET_SREGS tests
*
* Copyright (C) 2018, Google LLC.
*
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
- *
* This is a regression test for the bug fixed by the following commit:
* d3802286fa0f ("kvm: x86: Disallow illegal IA32_APIC_BASE MSR values")
*
* That bug allowed a user-mode program that called the KVM_SET_SREGS
* ioctl to put a VCPU's local APIC into an invalid state.
- *
*/
#define _GNU_SOURCE /* for program_invocation_short_name */
#include <fcntl.h>
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/state_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/state_test.c
index 2a4121f4de0111688c792a601615ca57f9727b3b..1a23617f34d9557328e4572ad3a960570a6f2461 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/state_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/state_test.c
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* KVM_GET/SET_* tests
*
* Copyright (C) 2018, Red Hat, Inc.
*
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
- *
* Tests for vCPU state save/restore, including nested guest state.
*/
#define _GNU_SOURCE /* for program_invocation_short_name */
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/sync_regs_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/sync_regs_test.c
index 25cacd3316f62d6b70937859faafd0da482b6b0c..11c2a70a7b87a5df60772eefee2284be3376eaf1 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/sync_regs_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/sync_regs_test.c
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* Test for x86 KVM_CAP_SYNC_REGS
*
* Copyright (C) 2018, Google LLC.
*
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
- *
* Verifies expected behavior of x86 KVM_CAP_SYNC_REGS functionality,
* including requesting an invalid register set, updates to/from values
* in kvm_run.s.regs when kvm_valid_regs and kvm_dirty_regs are toggled.
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_close_while_nested_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_close_while_nested_test.c
index 97182b47b10c46b3005267cba256298b261ddff2..3b0ffe01dacd06e986bb1a66999af64ef5a75dae 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_close_while_nested_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_close_while_nested_test.c
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* vmx_close_while_nested
*
* Copyright (C) 2019, Red Hat, Inc.
*
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
- *
* Verify that nothing bad happens if a KVM user exits with open
* file descriptors while executing a nested guest.
*/
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_set_nested_state_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_set_nested_state_test.c
index 9d62e2c7e024d2ea8d60dac2d184d954b7a607c8..d0ae57aae1bec71c794d5ad78f4ccd33d365339e 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_set_nested_state_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_set_nested_state_test.c
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* vmx_set_nested_state_test
*
* Copyright (C) 2019, Google LLC.
*
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
- *
* This test verifies the integrity of calling the ioctl KVM_SET_NESTED_STATE.
*/
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_tsc_adjust_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_tsc_adjust_test.c
index 6d37a317395640ad3b0e7e38758bfb636432ebec..f36c10eba71edc6b4b1786d4976a4a11e774c20b 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_tsc_adjust_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86_64/vmx_tsc_adjust_test.c
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* vmx_tsc_adjust_test
*
* Copyright (C) 2018, Google LLC.
*
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
- *
- *
* IA32_TSC_ADJUST test
*
* According to the SDM, "if an execution of WRMSR to the
diff --git a/tools/virtio/ringtest/main.c b/tools/virtio/ringtest/main.c
index 453ca3c211933d12a5b7933852043f7154434fe6..5a18b2301a63cb71bad5221a1abb39cac9bc9599 100644
--- a/tools/virtio/ringtest/main.c
+++ b/tools/virtio/ringtest/main.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* Copyright (C) 2016 Red Hat, Inc.
* Author: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
*
* Command line processing and common functions for ring benchmarking.
*/
diff --git a/tools/virtio/ringtest/main.h b/tools/virtio/ringtest/main.h
index 301d59bfcd0ad32d24cbd1b9e3790108275f2b41..6d1fccd3d86ced87840be5e23d77ff276b73aa9b 100644
--- a/tools/virtio/ringtest/main.h
+++ b/tools/virtio/ringtest/main.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
/*
* Copyright (C) 2016 Red Hat, Inc.
* Author: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
*
* Common macros and functions for ring benchmarking.
*/
diff --git a/tools/virtio/ringtest/ring.c b/tools/virtio/ringtest/ring.c
index 5a41404aaef566705016eb2c3e59398d8cefbb1f..58e7d33bddfca85be542b06d11f1f6a2192bbd6a 100644
--- a/tools/virtio/ringtest/ring.c
+++ b/tools/virtio/ringtest/ring.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* Copyright (C) 2016 Red Hat, Inc.
* Author: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
*
* Simple descriptor-based ring. virtio 0.9 compatible event index is used for
* signalling, unconditionally.
diff --git a/tools/virtio/ringtest/virtio_ring_0_9.c b/tools/virtio/ringtest/virtio_ring_0_9.c
index 5fd3fbcb9e575b50f13fd5bc14505967a2755a31..13a035a390e9689485357788326c849ddcdbaefa 100644
--- a/tools/virtio/ringtest/virtio_ring_0_9.c
+++ b/tools/virtio/ringtest/virtio_ring_0_9.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* Copyright (C) 2016 Red Hat, Inc.
* Author: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
*
* Partial implementation of virtio 0.9. event index is used for signalling,
* unconditionally. Design roughly follows linux kernel implementation in order