udf: Fix 64-bit sign extension issues affecting blocks > 0x7FFFFFFF

Large (> 1 TiB) UDF filesystems appear subject to several problems when
mounted on 64-bit systems:

* readdir() can fail on a directory containing File Identifiers residing
  above 0x7FFFFFFF. This manifests as a 'ls' command failing with EIO.

* FIBMAP on a file block located above 0x7FFFFFFF can return a negative
  value. The low 32 bits are correct, but applications that don't mask the
  high 32 bits of the result can perform incorrectly.

Per suggestion by Jan Kara, introduce a udf_pblk_t type for representation
of UDF block addresses. Ultimately, all driver functions that manipulate
UDF block addresses should use this type; for now, deployment is limited
to functions with actual or potential sign extension issues.

Changes to udf_readdir() and udf_block_map() address the issues noted
above; other changes address potential similar issues uncovered during
audit of the driver code.

Signed-off-by: Steven J. Magnani <steve@digidescorp.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>