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  1. Apr 11, 2018
  2. Nov 02, 2017
    • Greg Kroah-Hartman's avatar
      License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license · b2441318
      Greg Kroah-Hartman authored
      
      Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
      makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
      
      By default all files without license information are under the default
      license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
      
      Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
      SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
      shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
      
      This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
      Philippe Ombredanne.
      
      How this work was done:
      
      Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
      the use cases:
       - file had no licensing information it it.
       - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
       - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
      
      Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
      where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
      had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
      
      The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
      a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
      output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
      tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
      base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
      
      The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
      assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
      results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
      to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
      immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
      
      Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
       - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
       - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
         lines of source
       - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
         lines).
      
      All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
      
      The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
      identifiers to apply.
      
       - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
         considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
         COPYING file license applied.
      
         For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
      
         SPDX license identifier                            # files
         ---------------------------------------------------|-------
         GPL-2.0                                              11139
      
         and resulted in the first patch in this series.
      
         If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
         Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:
      
         SPDX license identifier                            # files
         ---------------------------------------------------|-------
         GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930
      
         and resulted in the second patch in this series.
      
       - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
         of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
         any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
         it (per prior point).  Results summary:
      
         SPDX license identifier                            # files
         ---------------------------------------------------|------
         GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
         GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
         ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
         ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
         LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
         GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
         ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
         LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
         LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
         ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
         ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1
      
         and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
      
       - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
         the concluded license(s).
      
       - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
         license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
         licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
      
       - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
         resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
         which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
      
       - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
         confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
      
       - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
         the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
         in time.
      
      In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
      spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
      source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
      by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
      
      Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
      FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
      disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
      Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
      they are related.
      
      Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
      for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
      files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
      in about 15000 files.
      
      In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
      copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
      correct identifier.
      
      Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
      inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
      version early this week with:
       - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
         license ids and scores
       - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
         files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
       - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
         was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
         SPDX license was correct
      
      This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
      worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
      different types of files to be modified.
      
      These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
      parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
      format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
      based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
      distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
      comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
      generate the patches.
      
      Reviewed-by: default avatarKate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
      Reviewed-by: default avatarPhilippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
      Reviewed-by: default avatarThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
      b2441318
  3. Sep 09, 2017
  4. Sep 04, 2017
  5. Aug 01, 2017
  6. Jul 16, 2017
  7. Jul 03, 2017
  8. Mar 02, 2017
  9. Jul 28, 2016
  10. Jul 25, 2016
  11. May 27, 2016
    • Arnd Bergmann's avatar
      remove lots of IS_ERR_VALUE abuses · 287980e4
      Arnd Bergmann authored
      
      Most users of IS_ERR_VALUE() in the kernel are wrong, as they
      pass an 'int' into a function that takes an 'unsigned long'
      argument. This happens to work because the type is sign-extended
      on 64-bit architectures before it gets converted into an
      unsigned type.
      
      However, anything that passes an 'unsigned short' or 'unsigned int'
      argument into IS_ERR_VALUE() is guaranteed to be broken, as are
      8-bit integers and types that are wider than 'unsigned long'.
      
      Andrzej Hajda has already fixed a lot of the worst abusers that
      were causing actual bugs, but it would be nice to prevent any
      users that are not passing 'unsigned long' arguments.
      
      This patch changes all users of IS_ERR_VALUE() that I could find
      on 32-bit ARM randconfig builds and x86 allmodconfig. For the
      moment, this doesn't change the definition of IS_ERR_VALUE()
      because there are probably still architecture specific users
      elsewhere.
      
      Almost all the warnings I got are for files that are better off
      using 'if (err)' or 'if (err < 0)'.
      The only legitimate user I could find that we get a warning for
      is the (32-bit only) freescale fman driver, so I did not remove
      the IS_ERR_VALUE() there but changed the type to 'unsigned long'.
      For 9pfs, I just worked around one user whose calling conventions
      are so obscure that I did not dare change the behavior.
      
      I was using this definition for testing:
      
       #define IS_ERR_VALUE(x) ((unsigned long*)NULL == (typeof (x)*)NULL && \
             unlikely((unsigned long long)(x) >= (unsigned long long)(typeof(x))-MAX_ERRNO))
      
      which ends up making all 16-bit or wider types work correctly with
      the most plausible interpretation of what IS_ERR_VALUE() was supposed
      to return according to its users, but also causes a compile-time
      warning for any users that do not pass an 'unsigned long' argument.
      
      I suggested this approach earlier this year, but back then we ended
      up deciding to just fix the users that are obviously broken. After
      the initial warning that caused me to get involved in the discussion
      (fs/gfs2/dir.c) showed up again in the mainline kernel, Linus
      asked me to send the whole thing again.
      
      [ Updated the 9p parts as per Al Viro  - Linus ]
      
      Signed-off-by: default avatarArnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
      Cc: Andrzej Hajda <a.hajda@samsung.com>
      Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Link: https://lkml.org/lkml/2016/1/7/363
      Link: https://lkml.org/lkml/2016/5/27/486
      
      
      Acked-by: Srinivas Kandagatla <srinivas.kandagatla@linaro.org> # For nvmem part
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      287980e4
  12. Jun 04, 2014
  13. Apr 29, 2013
  14. Feb 23, 2013
  15. Nov 29, 2012
  16. Oct 05, 2012
  17. May 31, 2012
  18. Apr 21, 2012
    • Linus Torvalds's avatar
      VM: add "vm_mmap()" helper function · 6be5ceb0
      Linus Torvalds authored
      
      This continues the theme started with vm_brk() and vm_munmap():
      vm_mmap() does the same thing as do_mmap(), but additionally does the
      required VM locking.
      
      This uninlines (and rewrites it to be clearer) do_mmap(), which sadly
      duplicates it in mm/mmap.c and mm/nommu.c.  But that way we don't have
      to export our internal do_mmap_pgoff() function.
      
      Some day we hopefully don't have to export do_mmap() either, if all
      modular users can become the simpler vm_mmap() instead.  We're actually
      very close to that already, with the notable exception of the (broken)
      use in i810, and a couple of stragglers in binfmt_elf.
      
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      6be5ceb0
  19. Mar 28, 2012
  20. Mar 21, 2012
  21. Feb 29, 2012
  22. May 03, 2011
  23. Mar 31, 2011
  24. Jun 29, 2010
    • Mike Frysinger's avatar
      flat: tweak default stack alignment · 2952095c
      Mike Frysinger authored
      
      The recent commit 1f0ce8b3 ("mm: Move ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN and
      ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN to <linux/slab_def.h>") which moved the
      ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN default into the global header inadvertently broke FLAT
      for a bunch of systems.  Blackfin systems now fail on any FLAT exec with:
      Unable to read code+data+bss, errno 14 When your /init is a FLAT binary,
      obviously this can be annoying ;).
      
      This stems from the alignment usage in the FLAT loader.  The behavior
      before was that FLAT would default to ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN only if it was
      defined, and this was only defined by arches when they wanted a larger
      alignment value.  Otherwise it'd default to pointer alignment.  Arguably,
      this is kind of hokey that the FLAT is semi-abusing defines it shouldn't.
      
      So let's merge the two alignment requirements so the floor is never 0.
      
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
      Cc: David McCullough <davidm@snapgear.com>
      Cc: Greg Ungerer <gerg@uclinux.org>
      Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
      Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu>
      Cc: Hirokazu Takata <takata@linux-m32r.org>
      Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
      Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
      Cc: David Woodhouse <David.Woodhouse@intel.com>
      Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      2952095c
  25. Jun 04, 2010
  26. Apr 21, 2010
  27. Mar 06, 2010
  28. Jan 29, 2010
    • Linus Torvalds's avatar
      Split 'flush_old_exec' into two functions · 221af7f8
      Linus Torvalds authored
      
      'flush_old_exec()' is the point of no return when doing an execve(), and
      it is pretty badly misnamed.  It doesn't just flush the old executable
      environment, it also starts up the new one.
      
      Which is very inconvenient for things like setting up the new
      personality, because we want the new personality to affect the starting
      of the new environment, but at the same time we do _not_ want the new
      personality to take effect if flushing the old one fails.
      
      As a result, the x86-64 '32-bit' personality is actually done using this
      insane "I'm going to change the ABI, but I haven't done it yet" bit
      (TIF_ABI_PENDING), with SET_PERSONALITY() not actually setting the
      personality, but just the "pending" bit, so that "flush_thread()" can do
      the actual personality magic.
      
      This patch in no way changes any of that insanity, but it does split the
      'flush_old_exec()' function up into a preparatory part that can fail
      (still called flush_old_exec()), and a new part that will actually set
      up the new exec environment (setup_new_exec()).  All callers are changed
      to trivially comply with the new world order.
      
      Signed-off-by: default avatarH. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
      Cc: stable@kernel.org
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      221af7f8
  29. Dec 17, 2009
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