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  1. Apr 21, 2019
  3. Apr 19, 2019
  5. Apr 07, 2019
  7. Apr 06, 2019
  9. Apr 04, 2019
  11. Apr 03, 2019
  13. Mar 29, 2019
  15. Mar 28, 2019
    • Paolo Bonzini's avatar
      Documentation: kvm: clarify KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION · e2788c4a
      Paolo Bonzini authored 
      
The documentation does not mention how to delete a slot, add the
information.

Reported-by: default avatarNathaniel McCallum <npmccallum@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
      e2788c4a
    • Sean Christopherson's avatar
      KVM: doc: Document the life cycle of a VM and its resources · 919f6cd8
      Sean Christopherson authored 
      The series to add memcg accounting to KVM allocations[1] states:

  There are many KVM kernel memory allocations which are tied to the
  life of the VM process and should be charged to the VM process's
  cgroup.

While it is correct to account KVM kernel allocations to the cgroup of
the process that created the VM, it's technically incorrect to state
that the KVM kernel memory allocations are tied to the life of the VM
process.  This is because the VM itself, i.e. struct kvm, is not tied to
the life of the process which created it, rather it is tied to the life
of its associated file descriptor.  In other words, kvm_destroy_vm() is
not invoked until fput() decrements its associated file's refcount to
zero.  A simple example is to fork() in Qemu and have the child sleep
indefinitely; kvm_destroy_vm() isn't called until Qemu closes its file
descriptor *and* the rogue child is killed.

The allocations are guaranteed to be *accounted* to the process which
created the VM, but only because KVM's per-{VM,vCPU} ioctls reject the
ioctl() with -EIO if kvm->mm != current->mm.  I.e. the child can keep
the VM "alive" but can't do anything useful with its reference.

Note that because 'struct kvm' also holds a reference to the mm_struct
of its owner, the above behavior also applies to userspace allocations.

Given that mucking with a VM's file descriptor can lead to subtle and
undesirable behavior, e.g. memcg charges persisting after a VM is shut
down, explicitly document a VM's lifecycle and its impact on the VM's
resources.

Alternatively, KVM could aggressively free resources when the creating
process exits, e.g. via mmu_notifier->release().  However, mmu_notifier
isn't guaranteed to be available, and freeing resources when the creator
exits is likely to be error prone and fragile as KVM would need to
ensure that it only freed resources that are truly out of reach. In
practice, the existing behavior shouldn't be problematic as a properly
configured system will prevent a child process from being moved out of
the appropriate cgroup hierarchy, i.e. prevent hiding the process from
the OOM killer, and will prevent an unprivileged user from being able to
to hold a reference to struct kvm via another method, e.g. debugfs.

[1]https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/10806707/



Signed-off-by: default avatarSean Christopherson <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
      919f6cd8
    • Sean Christopherson's avatar
      KVM: Reject device ioctls from processes other than the VM's creator · ddba9180
      Sean Christopherson authored 
      
KVM's API requires thats ioctls must be issued from the same process
that created the VM.  In other words, userspace can play games with a
VM's file descriptors, e.g. fork(), SCM_RIGHTS, etc..., but only the
creator can do anything useful.  Explicitly reject device ioctls that
are issued by a process other than the VM's creator, and update KVM's
API documentation to extend its requirements to device ioctls.

Fixes: 852b6d57 ("kvm: add device control API")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: default avatarSean Christopherson <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
      ddba9180
    • Sean Christopherson's avatar
      KVM: doc: Fix incorrect word ordering regarding supported use of APIs · 5e124900
      Sean Christopherson authored 
      Per Paolo[1], instantiating multiple VMs in a single process is legal;
but this conflicts with KVM's API documentation, which states:

  The only supported use is one virtual machine per process, and one
  vcpu per thread.

However, an earlier section in the documentation states:

   Only run VM ioctls from the same process (address space) that was used
   to create the VM.

and:

   Only run vcpu ioctls from the same thread that was used to create the
   vcpu.

This suggests that the conflicting documentation is simply an incorrect
ordering of of words, i.e. what's really meant is that a virtual machine
can't be shared across multiple processes and a vCPU can't be shared
across multiple threads.

Tweak the blurb on issuing ioctls to use a more assertive tone, and
rewrite the "supported use" sentence to reference said blurb instead of
poorly restating it in different terms.

Opportunistically add missing punctuation.

[1] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/f23265d4-528e-3bd4-011f-4d7b8f3281db@redhat.com



Fixes: 9c1b96e3 ("KVM: Document basic API")
Signed-off-by: default avatarSean Christopherson <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com>
[Improve notes on asynchronous ioctl]
Signed-off-by: default avatarPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
      5e124900
    • Sean Christopherson's avatar
      KVM: x86: fix handling of role.cr4_pae and rename it to 'gpte_size' · 47c42e6b
      Sean Christopherson authored 
      
The cr4_pae flag is a bit of a misnomer, its purpose is really to track
whether the guest PTE that is being shadowed is a 4-byte entry or an
8-byte entry.  Prior to supporting nested EPT, the size of the gpte was
reflected purely by CR4.PAE.  KVM fudged things a bit for direct sptes,
but it was mostly harmless since the size of the gpte never mattered.
Now that a spte may be tracking an indirect EPT entry, relying on
CR4.PAE is wrong and ill-named.

For direct shadow pages, force the gpte_size to '1' as they are always
8-byte entries; EPT entries can only be 8-bytes and KVM always uses
8-byte entries for NPT and its identity map (when running with EPT but
not unrestricted guest).

Likewise, nested EPT entries are always 8-bytes.  Nested EPT presents a
unique scenario as the size of the entries are not dictated by CR4.PAE,
but neither is the shadow page a direct map.  To handle this scenario,
set cr0_wp=1 and smap_andnot_wp=1, an otherwise impossible combination,
to denote a nested EPT shadow page.  Use the information to avoid
incorrectly zapping an unsync'd indirect page in __kvm_sync_page().

Providing a consistent and accurate gpte_size fixes a bug reported by
Vitaly where fast_cr3_switch() always fails when switching from L2 to
L1 as kvm_mmu_get_page() would force role.cr4_pae=0 for direct pages,
whereas kvm_calc_mmu_role_common() would set it according to CR4.PAE.

Fixes: 7dcd5755 ("x86/kvm/mmu: check if tdp/shadow MMU reconfiguration is needed")
Reported-by: default avatarVitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Tested-by: default avatarVitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarSean Christopherson <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
      47c42e6b
    • David Howells's avatar
      vfs: Update mount API docs · 7d6ab823
      David Howells authored 
      
Update the mount API docs to reflect recent changes to the code.

Signed-off-by: default avatarDavid Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      7d6ab823
  17. Mar 27, 2019
  19. Mar 26, 2019
  21. Mar 21, 2019
  23. Mar 20, 2019
  25. Mar 19, 2019
  27. Mar 18, 2019
    • Tobias Klauser's avatar
      doc: fix link to MSG_ZEROCOPY patchset · 25208dd8
      Tobias Klauser authored 
      
Use https and link to the patch directly.

Signed-off-by: default avatarTobias Klauser <tklauser@distanz.ch>
Acked-by: default avatarWillem de Bruijn <willemb@google.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      25208dd8
    • Randy Dunlap's avatar
      networking: fix snmp_counter.rst Doc. Warnings · 65e9a6d2
      Randy Dunlap authored 
      
Fix documentation markup warnings in snmp_counter.rst:

Documentation/networking/snmp_counter.rst:416: WARNING: Title underline too short.
Documentation/networking/snmp_counter.rst:684: WARNING: Bullet list ends without a blank line; unexpected unindent.
Documentation/networking/snmp_counter.rst:693: WARNING: Title underline too short.
Documentation/networking/snmp_counter.rst:707: WARNING: Bullet list ends without a blank line; unexpected unindent.
Documentation/networking/snmp_counter.rst:712: WARNING: Bullet list ends without a blank line; unexpected unindent.
Documentation/networking/snmp_counter.rst:722: WARNING: Title underline too short.
Documentation/networking/snmp_counter.rst:733: WARNING: Bullet list ends without a blank line; unexpected unindent.
Documentation/networking/snmp_counter.rst:736: WARNING: Bullet list ends without a blank line; unexpected unindent.
Documentation/networking/snmp_counter.rst:739: WARNING: Bullet list ends without a blank line; unexpected unindent.

Fixes: 80cc4950 ("net: Add part of TCP counts explanations in snmp_counters.rst")
Fixes: 8e2ea53a ("add snmp counters document")
Fixes: a6c7c7aa ("net: add document for several snmp counters")

Signed-off-by: default avatarRandy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: yupeng <yupeng0921@gmail.com>
      65e9a6d2
  29. Mar 17, 2019
  31. Mar 15, 2019
    • Sean Christopherson's avatar
      KVM: doc: Document the life cycle of a VM and its resources · eca6be56
      Sean Christopherson authored 
      The series to add memcg accounting to KVM allocations[1] states:

  There are many KVM kernel memory allocations which are tied to the
  life of the VM process and should be charged to the VM process's
  cgroup.

While it is correct to account KVM kernel allocations to the cgroup of
the process that created the VM, it's technically incorrect to state
that the KVM kernel memory allocations are tied to the life of the VM
process.  This is because the VM itself, i.e. struct kvm, is not tied to
the life of the process which created it, rather it is tied to the life
of its associated file descriptor.  In other words, kvm_destroy_vm() is
not invoked until fput() decrements its associated file's refcount to
zero.  A simple example is to fork() in Qemu and have the child sleep
indefinitely; kvm_destroy_vm() isn't called until Qemu closes its file
descriptor *and* the rogue child is killed.

The allocations are guaranteed to be *accounted* to the process which
created the VM, but only because KVM's per-{VM,vCPU} ioctls reject the
ioctl() with -EIO if kvm->mm != current->mm.  I.e. the child can keep
the VM "alive" but can't do anything useful with its reference.

Note that because 'struct kvm' also holds a reference to the mm_struct
of its owner, the above behavior also applies to userspace allocations.

Given that mucking with a VM's file descriptor can lead to subtle and
undesirable behavior, e.g. memcg charges persisting after a VM is shut
down, explicitly document a VM's lifecycle and its impact on the VM's
resources.

Alternatively, KVM could aggressively free resources when the creating
process exits, e.g. via mmu_notifier->release().  However, mmu_notifier
isn't guaranteed to be available, and freeing resources when the creator
exits is likely to be error prone and fragile as KVM would need to
ensure that it only freed resources that are truly out of reach. In
practice, the existing behavior shouldn't be problematic as a properly
configured system will prevent a child process from being moved out of
the appropriate cgroup hierarchy, i.e. prevent hiding the process from
the OOM killer, and will prevent an unprivileged user from being able to
to hold a reference to struct kvm via another method, e.g. debugfs.

[1]https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/10806707/



Signed-off-by: default avatarSean Christopherson <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
      eca6be56
    • Steve French's avatar
      cifs: minor documentation updates · 65525802
      Steve French authored 
      
Also updated a comment describing use of the GlobalMid_Lock

Signed-off-by: default avatarSteve French <stfrench@microsoft.com>
      65525802
  33. Mar 12, 2019
  35. Mar 11, 2019
  37. Mar 08, 2019
    • Christophe Roullier's avatar
      dt-bindings: net: stmmac: remove syscfg clock property · 83566799
      Christophe Roullier authored 
      
Syscfg clock is no more needed.

Signed-off-by: default avatarChristophe Roullier <christophe.roullier@st.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      83566799
    • Christophe Roullier's avatar
      dt-bindings: net: stmmac: add phys config properties · 830133da
      Christophe Roullier authored 
      
Add properties to support all Phy config
 PHY_MODE	(MII,GMII, RMII, RGMII) and in normal, PHY wo crystal (25Mhz),
 PHY wo crystal (50Mhz), No 125Mhz from PHY config.

Signed-off-by: default avatarChristophe Roullier <christophe.roullier@st.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      830133da
    • Dave Rodgman's avatar
      lib/lzo: separate lzo-rle from lzo · 45ec975e
      Dave Rodgman authored 
      To prevent any issues with persistent data, separate lzo-rle from lzo so
that it is treated as a separate algorithm, and lzo is still available.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190205155944.16007-3-dave.rodgman@arm.com


Signed-off-by: default avatarDave Rodgman <dave.rodgman@arm.com>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Cc: Markus F.X.J. Oberhumer <markus@oberhumer.com>
Cc: Matt Sealey <matt.sealey@arm.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Nitin Gupta <nitingupta910@gmail.com>
Cc: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@openedhand.com>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky.work@gmail.com>
Cc: Sonny Rao <sonnyrao@google.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      45ec975e
    • Dave Rodgman's avatar
      lib/lzo: implement run-length encoding · 5ee4014a
      Dave Rodgman authored 
      Patch series "lib/lzo: run-length encoding support", v5.

Following on from the previous lzo-rle patchset:

  https://lkml.org/lkml/2018/11/30/972

This patchset contains only the RLE patches, and should be applied on
top of the non-RLE patches ( https://lkml.org/lkml/2019/2/5/366 ).

Previously, some questions were raised around the RLE patches.  I've
done some additional benchmarking to answer these questions.  In short:

 - RLE offers significant additional performance (data-dependent)

 - I didn't measure any regressions that were clearly outside the noise

One concern with this patchset was around performance - specifically,
measuring RLE impact separately from Matt Sealey's patches (CTZ & fast
copy).  I have done some additional benchmarking which I hope clarifies
the benefits of each part of the patchset.

Firstly, I've captured some memory via /dev/fmem from a Chromebook with
many tabs open which is starting to swap, and then split this into 4178
4k pages.  I've excluded the all-zero pages (as zram does), and also the
no-zero pages (which won't tell us anything about RLE performance).
This should give a realistic test dataset for zram.  What I found was
that the data is VERY bimodal: 44% of pages in this dataset contain 5%
or fewer zeros, and 44% contain over 90% zeros (30% if you include the
no-zero pages).  This supports the idea of special-casing zeros in zram.

Next, I've benchmarked four variants of lzo on these pages (on 64-bit
Arm at max frequency): baseline LZO; baseline + Matt Sealey's patches
(aka MS); baseline + RLE only; baseline + MS + RLE.  Numbers are for
weighted roundtrip throughput (the weighting reflects that zram does
more compression than decompression).

  https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VLtLjRVxgUNuWFOxaGPwJYhl_hMQXpHe/view?usp=sharing

Matt's patches help in all cases for Arm (and no effect on Intel), as
expected.

RLE also behaves as expected: with few zeros present, it makes no
difference; above ~75%, it gives a good improvement (50 - 300 MB/s on
top of the benefit from Matt's patches).

Best performance is seen with both MS and RLE patches.

Finally, I have benchmarked the same dataset on an x86-64 device.  Here,
the MS patches make no difference (as expected); RLE helps, similarly as
on Arm.  There were no definite regressions; allowing for observational
error, 0.1% (3/4178) of cases had a regression > 1 standard deviation,
of which the largest was 4.6% (1.2 standard deviations).  I think this
is probably within the noise.

  https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xCUVwmiGD0heEMx5gcVEmLBI4eLaageV/view?usp=sharing

One point to note is that the graphs show RLE appears to help very
slightly with no zeros present! This is because the extra code causes
the clang optimiser to change code layout in a way that happens to have
a significant benefit.  Taking baseline LZO and adding a do-nothing line
like "__builtin_prefetch(out_len);" immediately before the "goto next"
has the same effect.  So this is a real, but basically spurious effect -
it's small enough not to upset the overall findings.

This patch (of 3):

When using zram, we frequently encounter long runs of zero bytes.  This
adds a special case which identifies runs of zeros and encodes them
using run-length encoding.

This is faster for both compression and decompresion.  For high-entropy
data which doesn't hit this case, impact is minimal.

Compression ratio is within a few percent in all cases.

This modifies the bitstream in a way which is backwards compatible
(i.e., we can decompress old bitstreams, but old versions of lzo cannot
decompress new bitstreams).

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190205155944.16007-2-dave.rodgman@arm.com


Signed-off-by: default avatarDave Rodgman <dave.rodgman@arm.com>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Cc: Markus F.X.J. Oberhumer <markus@oberhumer.com>
Cc: Matt Sealey <matt.sealey@arm.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Nitin Gupta <nitingupta910@gmail.com>
Cc: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@openedhand.com>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky.work@gmail.com>
Cc: Sonny Rao <sonnyrao@google.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      5ee4014a